DOI: 10.46810/tdfd.1883893 ISSN: 2149-6366

Comparative Performance Analysis of Classical and Post-Quantum Cryptography (FIPS 203/204) on ARMv8 IoT Devices Across NIST Security Levels

Cemile İnce
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In current communication technologies, classical encryption algorithms used for data transmission provide a sufficient level of security. However, it is predicted that in the future, with the widespread use of quantum computers, existing encryption algorithms, currently considered very secure, could be broken within seconds. For the post-quantum era, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) published the FIPS 203 (ML-KEM) and FIPS 204 (ML-DSA) post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) algorithms in 2024. This study compares existing encryption algorithms in resource-constrained environments with the FIPS 203 and FIPS 204 standard algorithms, based on the security levels (Level 1, Level 3, Level 5) published by NIST. Comparing these algorithms at the level level is important for determining the performance of PQC algorithms in resource-constrained environments when security levels are increased. During the comparison, metrics such as latency, energy consumption, memory usage, and communication overhead were analyzed. The results revealed that PQC algorithms run significantly faster than existing classical encryption algorithms, and as the security level increases, they perform at levels where classical encryption algorithms become unusable in environments with limited hardware resources.

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