DOI: 10.11648/j.ajac.20261403.12 ISSN: 2330-8745

Comparative Extraction and Chemical Characterization of Essential Oils from Rosa Damascena and Rosa abyssinica

Samuel Tesfahun, Dessie Abeje
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The study had the objective of extracting essential oils from two rose species, Rosa damascena and Rosa abyssinica , using hydrodistillation, and to compare their yields, chemical compositions, and quality characteristics. Fresh rose petals and pollen samples (300 g each) of R. damascena (collected from Debrebirhan Rose Farm) and R. abyssinica (collected from Gullele Botanical Center) were subjected to hydrodistillation at 90°C for 3-3.5 hours. Essential oil yields were measured gravimetrically and volumetrically. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MS) having a DB-1701 column was used to analyze chemical Components found in the essential oils. (Components were identified by comparison with mass spectral libraries. For R. damascena , the maximum oil yield (0.0964%, w/w) was obtained from pure petals, while for R. abyssinica , pure pollen gave the highest yield (0.114%, w/w). GC-MS analysis revealed 9-19 components across samples. R. damascena oil was characterized by high levels of citronellol (39.9%), nonadecane (23.1%), and (+)-3-carene (17.3%) in petal samples, and phenylethyl alcohol (32.3-34.8%) and nonadecane (32.3-34.6%) in mixed and pollen samples. R. abyssinica oil was dominated by 1-pentacosene (39.5-55.4%), caryophyllene (13.6-17.1%), and hexacosane (15.2%). Quality parameters indicated R. damascena oil contained higher levels of 2-phenylethyl alcohol (3.16%) and heptadecane (4.36%) compared to previous reports. Both R. damascena and R. abyssinica are viable sources of essential oils with distinct chemical profiles. R. damascena oil exhibits superior fragrance qualities suitable for cosmetic and perfume industries, while R. abyssinica oil contains bioactive compounds such as caryophyllene with potential therapeutic applications. Prior to this work there is no conducted studies about essential oil extraction from R. abyssinica .

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