DOI: 10.1177/03000605261491502 ISSN: 0300-0605

Comparative evaluation of periodontal inflamed surface area, periodontal epithelial surface area, and oral health–related quality of life in controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A cross-sectional study

Rajashri A Kolte, Abhay P Kolte, Radhika B Rathi, Aishwarya S Ikhar, Ritika R Gattani, Shahabe S Abullais, Manoj Humagain
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Objective

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis have a bidirectional relationship, with chronic periodontal inflammation adversely affecting glycemic control and oral health–related quality of life. Periodontal inflamed surface area quantifies the periodontal inflammatory burden. This cross-sectional study evaluated and compared the periodontal inflamed surface area, periodontal epithelial surface area, and oral health–related quality of life in patients with controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods

Eighty participants aged 35–70 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis were equally allocated into Group I (controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus) and Group II (uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus). Probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing were recorded. Periodontal inflamed surface area and periodontal epithelial surface area were calculated using standardized methodology, whereas the oral health–related quality of life was assessed using the validated oral health impact profile–14 questionnaire. Intergroup comparisons were performed using the chi-square and unpaired t tests.

Results

Group II exhibited significantly higher glycosylated hemoglobin, probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, as well as periodontal inflamed surface area and periodontal epithelial surface area values than Group I ( p  < 0.001). the mean oral health impact profile–14 scores were also significantly higher in Group II (32.66 ± 8.16 vs. 27.39 ± 7.89; p  = 0.01), indicating poorer oral health–related quality of life and greater impact of periodontal disease on daily life in Group II.

Conclusion

Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with greater periodontal inflammatory burden and poorer oral health–related quality of life. These findings highlight the importance of integrated periodontal and diabetes care to improve both clinical outcomes and patients’ quality of life.

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