Comparative evaluation of functional load distribution patterns in dental implants having different thread designs and dimensions in splinted and unsplinted conditions: A finite element analysis model-based study
Ashwini Narayankar, Mesfer Al Wadai, Kolasani Balaram, Prasanthi Channa, Donekal G. Charan, Roaa Alshafei, J. Suresh Babu, C. Swarnalatha, Abhishek Singh NayyarAbstract
Introduction:
With the advent of dental implants, prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulous dental arches has become highly efficient. However, not much work has been done on the effects of different thread designs and dimensions on the load transmission potential of dental implants.
Aim:
The aim of the present observational study was to evaluate functional load distribution patterns in dental implants having different thread designs and dimensions using the finite element analysis (FEA) model.
Materials and Methods:
Two-dimensional (2D) models were created for each implant configuration using the Ansys Engineering Simulation Software, while the functional load distribution patterns for different configurations were assessed before and after a defined load application. Again, inter-group comparisons were done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and if significant differences existed, multiple comparisons (post-hoc test) were carried-out using Bonferroni test.
Results and Discussion:
On multivariate comparisons, the differences were found to be statistically highly significant when compared between V thread and reverse buttress thread design, and V thread and square thread configurations (p-value<0.001) of implants used in the study. Also, higher mean principal stresses were recorded in case of shorter and narrower implants under unsplinted conditions (
Conclusions:
Based on the findings obtained, it was concluded that the least mean principal stresses were observed with V thread design of dental implants, while increased length and diameter in implants served to increase their efficiency. Further long-term clinical trials are mandated to increase our understanding of the complex biomechanics behind dental implant systems and to come to valid conclusions.