Comparative Assessment of the Zygomatic Bone and Adjacent Structures for Optimized Implant Planning: A Retrospective Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study
Akash G. Bhokare, Amit A. Mhapuskar, Darshan R. Prasad Hiremutt, Rutuja Jadhav, Anshuman Jamdade, Mandavi S. WaghmareBackground:
For the rehabilitation of the severely atrophic maxilla, alternatives to traditional implant placement are frequently required. Zygomatic implants are now a reliable choice, but their placement requires a careful evaluation of the morphology of the zygomatic bone and how it fits with nearby structures, especially the maxillary sinus and orbital floor.
Objective:
The present study employed cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to examine variations in maxillary sinus concavity, zygomatic orbital floor (ZOF) depth, and zygomatic bone dimensions across genders and age cohorts.
Methods:
In this retrospective study, 78 archived CBCT scans (41 from males and 37 from females) were categorized into three age groups: 45–55, 56–65, and 66–75. Specific anatomical reference points were used to measure the ZOF depth, sinus concavity, and zygomatic bone parameters (M1–M6) linearly. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (version 25.0). Depending on the distribution of the data, both parametric and non-parametric tests were used. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess measurement reliability.
Results:
There were significant differences between age groups (
Conclusion:
Implant angulation and surgical planning may be impacted by morphometric variations of the zygomatic complex related to age and gender. To achieve anatomically guided and predictable zygomatic implant placement, preoperative CBCT evaluation remains crucial.