Combined Electrohydrodynamic Methods for Advanced Hybrids—A Review

ABSTRACT

The development of advanced multifunctional nanomaterials has attracted significant attention nowadays, with applicability in many fields including energy storage, biomedicine, sensing, catalysis, environmental remediation, optoelectronics, agriculture, and so forth. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) methods offer multipurpose approaches for fabricating nanostructured materials with controllable morphological features, chemical composition, and functionalities. This review explores the synergistic integration of EHD techniques (focusing on electrospinning combined with electrospraying) to enhance material properties by enabling the generation of innovative nanomorphologies. In particular, the combination of electrospinning for fiber formation with electrospraying for particle generation enables the development of hybrid (nano) materials with superior thermal, mechanical, electrical, and chemical characteristics. Although the effective combination of distinct EHD methods such as electrospinning and electrospraying is a highly powerful tool for creating a wide range of advanced hybrids starting from a wide variety of raw materials destined for use in different functional applications, this field still receives very limited attention. Key challenges include, among others, process optimization, materials compatibility, reproducibility, and scalability.