Cold Atmospheric Plasma in Wound Healing: Molecular Mechanism of Action

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising tool used in medicine due to its broad spectrum of biological activity and the possibility of safe application on living tissues without the risk of thermal damage. CAP is a partially ionised gas containing electrons, ions and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS); it also emits ultraviolet radiation and an electromagnetic field. The aim of this study is to discuss the mechanisms of action of cold atmospheric plasma and to assess its significance in supporting the skin healing process. Analysis of the available data indicates that CAP acts in multiple ways: it stimulates the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, modulates the inflammatory response, exhibits antimicrobial properties, and improves microcirculation and enhances angiogenesis. The results of studies to date suggest that cold atmospheric plasma may provide valuable support for therapies, particularly in the context of skin regeneration, wound healing and the treatment of inflammatory lesions. However, further research is needed on the standardisation of treatment parameters, long-term safety, and the precise definition of indications and contraindications depending on the type of device used.