Clinicopathological profile and its correlation with disease staging in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: A retrospective study from a tertiary-care center in India
Kangana Sengar, Monal Trisal, Durre Aden, Devyani Pendharkar, Jyoti MishraAbstract
Background:
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal plasma cell neoplasm with heterogeneous clinical and pathological features. This study evaluated clinicopathological and biochemical parameters in newly diagnosed MM, correlated plasma cell burden with the Durie–Salmon staging system (DSS) and the International Staging System (ISS), and described marrow infiltration patterns and reticulin fibrosis.
Materials and Methods:
This 5-year (2010–2014) retrospective study included 50 newly diagnosed MM cases at Dharamshila Cancer and Research Institute, New Delhi, India. We reviewed clinical records, hematologic and biochemical parameters, and bone marrow findings. We assessed trephine sections for plasma cell percentage, infiltration pattern, and reticulin fibrosis. Because the continuous data were not normally distributed and the staging variables comprised three ordered groups, we used the Kruskal–Wallis test for between-stage comparisons.
Results:
The median age was 63.5 years (range, 43–85 years), with a male predominance (male: female ratio, 2.57:1). Fatigue (70%) and backache (60%) were the most common presentations. Anemia was present in 50%, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 98%, hypoalbuminemia in 62%, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase in 60%. Marked hypercalcemia (>12 mg/dL) occurred in 2%, and
Conclusion:
Most patients presented with advanced-stage MM, and marrow plasma cell burden was significantly associated with DSS and ISS stage. Trephine histopathology complements biochemical assessment by documenting plasma cell burden, infiltration pattern, and fibrosis, thereby supporting disease assessment beyond biochemical markers.