Clinical Characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis and Association of MS Severity with Vitamin D Level in the Madinah Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To determine the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the western region of Saudi Arabia and correlate it with its predictors among a cohort of patients. The prevalence of MS is increasing in Saudi Arabia, and is attributed to various factors such as recent lifestyle changes, improved disease recognition, and parental consanguinity. Knowing the exact prevalence of the disease may enhance disease management. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals diagnosed with MS at clinics in the Madinah region. Results: The study found that the prevalence of multiple sclerosis is lower in the Madinah region. Additionally, a correlation was revealed between the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and both disease duration and vitamin D levels among the participants. Conclusion: The prevalence of MS in the Madinah region is lower than the documented prevalence in other areas of Saudi Arabia. Further, early detection and management of Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency in MS patients may improve the quality of life for both patients and caregivers. Therefore, routine vitamin D testing in MS patients may be important in clinical settings.