Clinical and Modifiable Factors Associated With Disability and Relapse in
MOGAD
: A Multicentre Cohort Study
Yingtao Wang, Shaoxin Tao, Qiujia Wang, Xiaoyu Xu, Hui Yao, Zheng Liu, Dawei Li, Zhandong Qiu, Jinming Han, Jiangwei Xia, Qi Wang, Jun Sun, Kai Shao, Jiao Li, Shishuang Ruan, Yi Zhong, Jun Guo, Shougang Guo, Yue Huang, Guoliang Chai, Tao Jin, Hongyu Zhou, Junwei Hao, Yinan Zhao ABSTRACT
Background
Factors associated with relapse course and disability in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) remain incompletely understood.
Objectives
To identify clinical and modifiable factors associated with relapse and disability in MOGAD.
Methods
In this ambispective multicentre cohort study using data from the Chinese Neuroimmunological Diseases (NIDBase) cohort (21 Chinese centres; January 2020–December 2024), 173 MOGAD patients with ≥ 12‐month follow‐up were analysed. Time to first relapse and time to disability, defined as Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≥ 2 confirmed outside acute relapse periods, were analysed using Cox regression. Nonlinear associations were assessed using restricted cubic splines.
Results
Older age at onset and smoking history were associated with increased disability risk. Smoking was also associated with relapse risk, although its association was attenuated and no longer statistically significant after adjustment. BMI showed nonlinear associations with both relapse and disability outcomes.
Conclusions
In MOGAD, older age at onset, smoking, and BMI may influence prognosis. These findings support further investigation of modifiable lifestyle and metabolic factors in prognostic stratification.