CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES ON ORGANIC HORTICULTURE – A CRITICAL REVIEW

ABSTRACT its advantageous impact on soil well-being and expansion underway of yield. Vermicompost, produced through the non-thermophilic biodegradation of organic waste by earthworms and associated microbes, is a crucial bio-fertilizer that sustainably boosts crop yields and aids in adapting to environmental stresses. Grown worldwide under various climatic conditions, vegetables are exposed to diverse environmental stresses that threaten their yield and quality. Applying vermicompost to soil lowers its pH, improves porosity and water retention capacity, enhances microbial activity, and overall soil health. These improvements lead to better germination, growth, development, and yield of vegetable crops. Furthermore, vermicompost protects plants from oxidative stress caused by various abiotic factors by bolstering the antioxidative defense system. Liquid organic manure consist higher number of beneficial microorganisms, mainly due to their ingredients such as: cow dung, cow urine etc. It also contains essential macro and micro nutrients, vitamins, amino acids and growth promoters like auxin, gibberelins. Natural farming is one the solution for this generation to reduce all the hazards. Liquid organic manure are known to increase germination percentage seedling vigour, emergence, plant stand, root and shoot growth, total biomass of the plant, seed weight, early flowering, fruit yield and quality etc.