Children’s Resource Distribution: When Beauty Bias Meets Fairness Norms

Favorable biases toward attractive individuals significantly influence social interactions from early childhood. However, little is known about how such biases affect children’s resource allocation, particularly when they conflict with fairness norms. Across three studies, we examined how 6-year-olds allocate resources between a high- and a low-attractive, same-gender, unfamiliar peer. In Study 1 ( N  = 42), children allocated more to high-attractive targets than to low-attractive ones. In Study 2 ( N  = 72) and 3 ( N  = 128), both targets were also assigned merit information. When both targets had equal merit, children continued to favor the high-attractive target. However, when the high-attractive target was less productive, children prioritized merit over attractiveness, paralleling their behavior when only merit information was available. In both Studies 1 and 3, children’s liking for the attractive target (rather than prosocial expectations) was positively associated with their allocation preferences, regardless of whether merit information was available. These findings identify conditions under which attractiveness influences young children’s allocation decisions and when equity concerns override this bias. They offer novel insights into the boundary conditions of the “beauty premium” in early childhood and how children balance fairness when navigating competing factors, such as merit and appearance.