Chemical Extraction of Antimicrobial Phytochemicals from Blumea lanceolaria Leaves and Their Anti-ulcer Potential: In Vitro and In Si

Blumea lanceolaria (Roxb.) is a medicinal shrub traditionally used to treat infections, inflammation and gastric ulcers. This study investigated its antimicrobial and anti-ulcer potential. Antimicrobial phytochemicals were extracted and evaluated using disc diffusion and broth dilution methods against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus mirabilis , Enterobacter aerogenes and Escherichia coli . Bioactive compounds were characterised by LC-HRMS profiling, and their anti-ulcer potential was further examined through molecular docking studies against the human gastric proton pump. Sulfuric acid extracts showed the strongest antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones ranging from 8.9 to 14.5 mm. Acid neutralising capacity assays indicated that phosphate buffer leaf extracts had significant activity (280 mEq/g) compared to a standard antacid, suggesting potential anti-ulcer effects. LC-HRMS profiling identified 87 peaks, out of which 30 major bioactive compounds were followed by molecular docking against the human gastric proton pump (PDB ID: 3PGL). N ₂ -Aristololactam-I-guanine and estrone showed high binding affinities (−9.3 and −8.6 kcal/mol) and favourable ADME properties, highlighting their potential as anti-ulcer drug candidates.