DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-026-15874-y ISSN: 1434-6052
Charmonium suppression in fixed target proton–nucleus collisions
Sourav Kanti Giri, Partha Pratim Bhaduri, Biswarup Paul, Santosh K. Das Abstract
In this article, we perform a systematic investigation of the cold nuclear matter (CNM) effects, operative on charmonium (
$$J/\psi ,$$
J
/
ψ
,
$$\psi (2S)$$
ψ
(
2
S
)
) production, in fixed target proton–nucleus (p+A) collisions. Influence on charmonium production cross section due to the interplay of three different plausible CNM effects namely the initial-state parton energy loss, nuclear shadowing, and final-state absorption of the resonant states, are evaluated in detail. The available data on charmonium production in fixed target p+A collision experiments from SPS, Fermilab and HERA-B are examined for this purpose. The beam energy dependence of the observed
$$J/\psi $$
J
/
ψ
production patterns are utilized to anticipate level of “normal” absorption in the upcoming proton induced collisions by the NA60+ experiment at CERN SPS and the CBM experiment at FAIR SIS100 accelerator facilities.