CFD investigation on the thermal transport characteristics and turbulent flow dynamics of combined oblique offset jet and wall jet flow over a heated wall

The present numerical investigation aims to examine the influence of offset jet obliquity ( ϕ ), Reynolds number ( Re ), and wall thermal boundary conditions on the heat transfer characteristics of a dual jet (DJ) formed by the interaction of an offset jet (OJ) and a wall jet (WJ) over a heated surface. The parameters ϕ , offset ratio ( OR ), and Re are varied from 90 ° − 45 ° , 5 − 13 , and 10000 − 25000 , respectively. The thermal behavior of the DJ is evaluated using local & average Nusselt numbers ( N u x , N u a v g ), wall heat flux ( q w ), and wall temperature ( T w ) distributions. The results reveal that decreasing the offset jet obliquity from 90 ° to 45 ° significantly enhances heat transfer by promoting earlier jet interaction and stronger turbulent mixing. The Nu avg increases by approximately 11 − 13 % when ϕ is reduced from 90 ° to 45 ° , while an increase in Re from 10000 to 25000 results in an enhancement of nearly 110 − 115 % in the Nu avg value. Furthermore, the isoflux boundary condition yields marginally higher heat transfer rates than the isothermal boundary condition. These findings provide useful guidelines for the thermal design of cooling and heating systems employing dual-jet configurations.