CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2019−2023

Abstract

The Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) is the largest population-based site-specific registry in the world and is focused exclusively on primary brain and other central nervous system (CNS) tumors diagnosed in the United States (US). CBTRUS obtained de-identified incidence data from 48 central cancer registries (CCRs) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Program of Cancer Registries and 4 CCRs from the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. CBTRUS represents the entire US population and is inclusive of cases of all primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors for 50 state registries, plus the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Additional survival data from 21 CCRs were obtained from SEER. From 2019–2023, 515,112 tumors were reported, corresponding to an average annual age-adjusted incidence rate (AAAIR) of 27.02 per 100,000 population. Across the 50 states, AAAIR for all primary brain and other CNS tumors varied. Meningioma was the most frequently diagnosed tumor type (43.4%). Females had a higher overall incidence of primary brain and other CNS tumors than males, whereas males had higher incidence of many glioma subtypes, including glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype. Incidence varied by race/Hispanic ethnicity, sex, age, and tumor type. For children 0-14 years of age at diagnosis, primary brain and other CNS tumors were the leading cause of cancer-related mortality which is disproportionate to the AAAIR of these tumors in this age group. For most tumor sites, five-year relative survival generally decreased with older age at diagnosis, with children, adolescents, and young adults generally having better survival outcomes. This report provides a current, comprehensive source for the descriptive epidemiology of all primary brain and other CNS tumors in the United States.