Carbon-based PVDF composites for piezoelectric wearable electronics

The adoption of flexible piezoelectric sensors has garnered considerable interest with the rapid integration of artificial intelligence in wearable devices. Piezoelectric materials generate an electric field under mechanical stress, making them suitable for high integration, miniaturization, and low-power-consumption sensing devices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of carbon-based piezoelectric materials and wearable sensors. It delves into promising piezoelectric polymer materials, various carbon-based filler materials, and underlying mechanisms. Further, the design strategies of piezoelectric sensors for improved sensitivity, durability, biocompatibility, and processability are discussed. Finally, critical challenges and future directions in the field of carbon-based flexible piezoelectric wearable sensors are highlighted.