Camatkāra Nighaṇṭu: A hitherto novel format in Nighaṇṭu literature

ABSTRACT:

Nighaṇṭu literature is a cornerstone of Ayurvedic pharmacology, serving as a lexicon that provides insights into medicinal substances. Among these, Camatkāra Nighaṇṭu (CN) is unique for its use of Śabdālaṅkāra (~figures of sound or phonetic ornaments) and concise representation of drug identities. Thus, the present study was directed towards critically analyzing the distinctive writing style and format of CN for its uniqueness in the field of lexicology. The review study utilized published works of CN, along with the online webpage of the e-CN by the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences. Supporting literature on Sanskrit grammar and pharmacological lexicons were referred. A historical review of CN’s manuscripts (MSs), language, and structure was conducted, with a focus on its unique narrative methods. The study showed that CN employed phonetic nuances, poetic repetition, and mnemonic techniques, presenting around 397 drug identities across 25 verses. It distinguished phonetically similar drug names as well as drug names that are common to more than one drug. CN integrated Śabdālaṅkāras like alliteration, wordplay, and rhyme to enhance memory and aesthetic appeal. The cryptic style of CN reflects its origins in oral traditions, balancing knowledge preservation with accessibility. Its innovative narrative methodology underscores the author’s intent to make the text both memorable and exclusive. The focus on synonyms alone allows for indexing and deep exploration of drug attributes. Thus, CN stands out as an extraordinary contribution to Ayurvedic literature. Its poetic and mnemonic approaches provide insights into medieval practices, bridging art, science, and memory.