Caffeine is a metabolite derived from purine nucleotides, typically accounting for 2–5% of the dry weight of tea and 1–2% of the dry weight of coffee. In the tea and coffee plants, the main synthesis pathway of caffeine is a four-step sequence consisting of three methylation reactions and one nucleosidase reaction using xanthine as a precursor. In bacteria, caffeine degradation occurs mainly through the pathways of N-demethylation and C-8 oxidation. However, a study fully and systematically summarizing the metabolism and application of caffeine in microorganisms has not been established elsewhere. In the present study, we provide a review of the biosynthesis, microbial degradation, gene expression, and application of caffeine microbial degradation. The present review aims to further elaborate the mechanism of caffeine metabolism by microorganisms and explore the development prospects in this field.

More from our Archive

• DOI: 10.3390/foods12142704 2023

  Climate Change—A Global Threat Resulting in Increasing Mycotoxin Occurrence

  Jovana Kos, Mislav Anić, Bojana Radić, Manuela Zadravec, Elizabet Janić Hajnal, Jelka Pleadin

• DOI: 10.3390/plants12132565 2023

  Nanotechnology in Food and Plant Science: Challenges and Future Prospects

  Mohammad Azam Ansari

• DOI: 10.3390/plants12132519 2023

  Synergistic Effects of Rhizobacteria and Salicylic Acid on Maize Salt-Stress Tolerance

  Qasim Ali, Maqshoof Ahmad, Muhammad Kamran, Sana Ashraf, Muhammad Shabaan, Babar Hussain Babar, Usman Zulfiqar, Fasih Ullah Haider, M. Ajmal Ali, Mohamed S Elshikh

• DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14112 2023

  MdNAC104 positively regulates apple cold tolerance via CBF‐dependent and CBF‐independent pathways

  Chuang Mei, Jie Yang, Quanlin Mei, Dongfeng Jia, Peng Yan, Beibei Feng, Aisajan Mamat, Xiaoqing Gong, Qingmei Guan, Ke Mao, Jixun Wang, Fengwang Ma

• DOI: 10.3390/plants12132469 2023

  Developing Sustainable Agriculture Systems in Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Production by Using Chitosan and Chitin-Based Biostimulants

  Wenli Sun, Mohamad Hesam Shahrajabian, Spyridon A. Petropoulos, Nazanin Shahrajabian

• DOI: 10.1111/nph.19100 2023

  Alternative splicing of <scp><i>TaHSFA6e</i></scp> modulates heat shock protein–mediated translational regulation in response to heat stress in wheat

  Jingjing Wen, Zhen Qin, Lv Sun, Yumei Zhang, Dongli Wang, Huiru Peng, Yingyin Yao, Zhaorong Hu, Zhongfu Ni, Qixin Sun, Mingming Xin

• DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae9070757 2023

  Mapping of the Susceptibility of Colombian Musaceae Lands to a Deadly Disease: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4

  Gustavo Rodríguez-Yzquierdo, Barlin O. Olivares, Oscar Silva-Escobar, Antonio González-Ulloa, Mauricio Soto-Suarez, Mónica Betancourt-Vásquez

• DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9070619 2023

  Automatic Control of Chemolithotrophic Cultivation of Cupriavidus necator: Optimization of Oxygen Supply for Enhanced Bioplastic Production

  Vera Lambauer, Alexander Permann, Zdeněk Petrášek, Vanja Subotić, Christoph Hochenauer, Regina Kratzer, Markus Reichhartinger

• DOI: 10.3390/foods12132529 2023

  Potential Beneficial Effects and Pharmacological Properties of Ergosterol, a Common Bioactive Compound in Edible Mushrooms

  Panthakarn Rangsinth, Rajasekharan Sharika, Nattaporn Pattarachotanant, Chatrawee Duangjan, Chamaiphron Wongwan, Chanin Sillapachaiyaporn, Sunita Nilkhet, Nichaporn Wongsirojkul, Anchalee Prasansuklab, Tewin Tencomnao, George Pak-Heng Leung, Siriporn Chuchawankul

• DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad036 2023

  Vascular variants in seed plants—a developmental perspective

  Israel L Cunha Neto