Burden and Trends of Genitourinary Cancers Across the Americas: A GBD 2023 Analysis of Regional Socioeconomic Gradients

Background/Objectives: Genitourinary cancers represent a major and growing source of cancer burden worldwide; however, important disparities persist across the Americas. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, mortality, and disability burden of prostate, testicular, bladder, and kidney cancers across 38 countries and territories using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 estimates, with emphasis on temporal trends and sociodemographic inequalities. Methods: A descriptive ecological study was conducted using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2023 estimates. Age-standardized incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates per 100,000 population were analyzed for prostate, bladder, kidney, and testicular cancers. Burden estimates were obtained from GBD 2023 data, and temporal trend analyses were conducted using age-standardized rates from 2000–2023. Temporal trends were assessed using weighted log-linear regression to estimate annual percentage changes (APCs) based on age-standardized rates from 2000–2023. Results: In 2023, prostate cancer accounted for the greatest genitourinary cancer burden across the Americas, with high incidence concentrated in high-income North America, whereas mortality and DALY rates were disproportionately elevated in Latin America and the Caribbean. Across all cancer types, high-SDI regions consistently exhibited higher incidence but more favorable mortality and disability profiles. Testicular cancer incidence increased across all SDI quintiles, although mortality reductions were mainly observed in high-SDI settings. Bladder and kidney cancers demonstrated similar epidemiological patterns, with declining mortality trends in high-income regions but persistent or increasing burden in lower-SDI countries. Mortality-to-incidence disparities remained substantial across Latin America and the Caribbean, which may reflect differences in healthcare resources, early detection, treatment availability, or other contextual factors not directly captured in the GBD database. National extremes included Bermuda prostate ASIR 170.63 and Dominica DALYs 1423.30 per 100,000. Conclusions: The burden of genitourinary cancers across the Americas remains strongly associated with socioeconomic inequalities. Although higher-resource settings have achieved important reductions in mortality and disability, these gains have not been equitably distributed across the region. Strengthening health system capacity, improving early diagnosis, and ensuring equitable access to evidence-based cancer care are essential to reduce avoidable mortality and improve long-term outcomes throughout the Americas.