Built Environment Characteristics and Pedestrian–Vehicle Crash Frequency Around Welfare Facilities for Older Adults in Seoul, South Korea

South Korea’s rapidly aging population increases the importance of safe and accessible neighborhoods around welfare facilities for older adults. This study examined built-environment characteristics associated with pedestrian–vehicle crash frequency within 400 m neighborhoods surrounding 1153 welfare facilities in Seoul. The outcome comprised pedestrian–vehicle crashes involving pedestrians of all ages and, therefore, represents neighborhood crash frequency rather than age-specific crash risk. Negative binomial regression was used with spatially robust inference, and sensitivity analyses addressed overlapping facility catchments and spatial dependence. Intersections, bus lines, subway station entrances, commercial-area proportion, residential gross floor area, and medical center presence were positively associated with crash frequency in the primary model and remained statistically significant when each of the 20,801 unique crashes within at least one facility buffer was assigned only to the nearest facility. Silver Zone designation was not statistically significant in the primary model, and its estimate was sensitive to the alternative crash assignment specification; therefore, no causal conclusion regarding Silver Zone effectiveness is supported. The findings identify high-activity neighborhood contexts in which more detailed pedestrian safety assessment may be useful and highlight the need to account for exposure, spatial dependence, and non-random placement of safety interventions when planning safer and more sustainable walking environments around facilities serving older adults.