Bridging the divide: GP narratives on lung cancer care in Tasmania
Sofoora Kawsar Usman, Pieter van Dam, Barbara de Graaff, Andrew J. Palmer, Petr Otahal, Nick Harkness, Emma Ball, Renae Grundy, Martin Hensher, Allison Black, Elizabeth Witherden, Ingrid CoxBackground
Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both Tasmania and Australia, with rural and regional populations facing notable delays in diagnosis and treatment. General practitioners (GPs) play a pivotal role in early detection, referral and ongoing care. This study investigates Tasmanian GPs’ experiences in diagnosing and managing lung cancer, highlighting key challenges, adaptive practices and opportunities to enhance care pathways.
Methods
Using a pragmatic qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 purposively selected GPs from varied urban and regional locations across Tasmania. Data collection occurred between April and June 2025, and were analysed inductively using Attride-Stirling’s thematic network framework.
Results
Four overarching themes emerged. First, detection and diagnosis. GPs face diagnostic limitations and restricted access to investigations. Symptom overlap with smoking-related conditions and low patient health literacy contribute to delayed diagnoses. Second, referral and coordination. Fragmented referral systems and poor communication with specialists impede timely access and continuity of care. Third, ongoing management. GPs support patients through treatment and comorbidities, but encounter time constraints, emotional strain and lack of structured protocols. Fourth, systemic barriers. Outdated infrastructure, limited rural specialist access and inconsistent digital systems hinder equitable care. Despite these barriers, GPs use adaptive strategies, including structured workflows, culturally responsive care and collaborative models, such as shared care and nurse navigation.
Conclusions
Enhancing lung cancer care in general practice requires systemic reform. Equipping GPs with diagnostic tools, optimised communication channels and integrated care pathways is essential. Future research should incorporate perspectives from patients, carers and other healthcare providers.