Bridging gaps in emergency systems for inclusive crisis preparedness for people with disabilities

Across Europe, people with disabilities remain insufficiently considered in disaster preparedness and civil protection systems. The SHIELD project addresses this gap by promoting inclusive emergency preparedness through adapted training approaches based on a needs analysis with civil protection actors and organisations of and for people with disabilities. This study explores key barriers and enabling conditions from the perspectives of responders and people with disabilities to support more equitable emergency preparedness and response. A mixed-methods approach was applied, including 18 expert interviews with first responders and five focus groups with 29 people with disabilities and representatives of disability organisations. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis (Kuckartz) and complemented by a survey and secondary analysis. Structured and accessible information on people with disabilities—such as impairment type, mobility, medication, and care needs—is essential for planning and service provision. Communication is a key competence, particularly when addressing diverse cognitive, sensory, psychosocial, and mobility-related needs. Gaps exist in the training and preparedness of emergency personnel, indicating a need for practical, scenario-based training and increased sensitization. Structural factors, including staffing, transport, assistive devices, and accessible infrastructure, strongly influence the quality and equity of care. The findings also highlight the importance of strengthening the preparedness of people with disabilities through accessible information, knowledge of procedures, personal preparedness measures, and participation in training. Inclusive preparedness requires both system-level improvements and active involvement of people with disabilities. Within SHIELD, these insights informe the development of training modules, an inclusive first-aid course, and a civil protection handbook, validated through joint training activities.

Key messages

• Inclusive emergency preparedness requires structured information, accessible communication and trained responders to address diverse needs of people with disabilities.

• Joint training, tailored communication and active participation of people with disabilities strengthen preparedness, reduce barriers and improve equitable crisis response.