Bridging Energy Storage and Electrochemical Sensing: A Bibliometric and Critical Analysis of Metal, Metal Oxide, and Carbon-Based Nanocomposites

The convergence of energy storage and electrochemical sensing in a single nanocomposite platform represents a transformative opportunity for next-generation electrochemical interfaces, yet these domains have been largely treated in isolation. This systematic review addresses this gap by analyzing 723 documents from the Scopus database (2010–2026) using RStudio (Bibliometrix, v2023.09.1+494), VOSviewer (v1.6.20), and Plotly Studio (v6.5.0) to map publication trends, collaboration networks, and thematic evolution in metal, metal oxide, and carbon-based nanocomposites. The results reveal exponential growth in scientific output (R2 = 0.954), confirming the consolidation of the field. While energy storage topics (supercapacitors, carbon materials) account for 67% of publications within this sensing-and-storage-filtered corpus, the inclusion of sensing-related search terms demonstrates that biosensors and electrochemical sensing have emerged as equally fundamental pillars. Critically, we identify a high-confidence “multifunctional” cluster—evidenced by the convergence of keywords such as graphene (64.1% confidence) and electrochemical biosensors (54.5%)—indicating a necessary paradigm shift toward integrated platforms that combine storage and detection within a single interface. Geographically, China leads in institutional output, but qualitative excellence is distributed across Germany, India, Taiwan, and South Korea. Graphene remains the dominant transducer platform, while MXenes and metal–organic frameworks are driving multifunctional architectures. This study concludes by identifying structural gaps—namely the historical segregation of storage and sensing research—and proposes a strategic framework to unify both functionalities in future electrochemical interfaces, offering a roadmap for the development of flexible, portable, and sustainable multifunctional devices.