Breaking Barriers: Strategies for Effective Protection of DC Microgrid Systems

The direct current (DC) microgrid’s remarkable power delivery performance has led to its development into a promising distribution network. However, creating efficient protective systems remains a major challenge for DC microgrids. Presently, the emphasis on DC microgrids is on architectural structures, control techniques, and energy management, with minimal attention given to fault analysis, detection, and isolation. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide researchers with a thorough grasp of DC microgrid protection by examining the current level of research in key fields and evaluating potential protection solutions. Furthermore, this study indicates key areas for future research to solve safety problems and promote the growth of the DC microgrid. Future research focuses on protection and the development of innovative protection devices that use electronic technology to provide flexible protection constraints and enhance appropriate protection schemes. Moreover, this review briefly discusses the protection challenges associated with electric vehicle (EV) integration in DC microgrids.