Blood Biomarkers of Helicobacter pylori ‐Infected Chronic Gastritis in Active Versus Stable Phases: A Clinical Indicator Analysis Combined With Proteomic and Metabolomic Investigations

ABSTRACT

Chronic gastritis infected by Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ), as a common digestive system disorder, often presents with deceptive clinical stability during its inactive phase, making patients highly prone to relapse or secondary gastric damage. However, the long‐standing lack of objective and sensitive blood‐based molecular markers to accurately differentiate between the active and stable phases has not only complicated clinical diagnosis but also significantly hindered the implementation of precise treatment strategies. This study conducted unsupervised clustering analysis based on clinical indicators from 1409 patients, and 60 patients and 20 healthy samples were randomly selected for serum proteomics and untargeted metabolomics analysis, and integrated clinical data to screen biomarkers and evaluate diagnostic efficacy. A potential diagnostic model (HGB–CAPZB–acetic acid) was developed, and three biological mechanisms of blood function, energy metabolism, cytoskeleton reorganization, and cell migration in active and stable phases of H. pylori‐ infected chronic gastritis were found. Although these findings require further validation in larger and independent cohorts, this study provides preliminary evidence supporting the potential utility of blood‐based multi‐omics biomarkers for distinguishing disease activity in H. pylori ‐associated chronic gastritis and offers insights for future mechanistic and translational investigations.

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