Blockchain-Enabled Security Enhancement for IoT Networks: Integrating LEACH Algorithm and Distributed Ledger Technology

The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) networks has significantly advanced various sectors such as smart cities, healthcare, and industrial automation, but it has also introduced substantial security challenges. Protecting data integrity, confidentiality, and availability in these networks is critical, yet traditional security measures often fall short due to the decentralized and resource-constrained nature of IoT devices. The Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol, designed to optimize energy consumption in sensor networks, lacks intrinsic security features. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel approach that integrates LEACH with Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), specifically blockchain. Blockchain’s decentralized and immutable ledger can enhance data security and integrity within IoT networks. The methodology involves modifying LEACH to incorporate blockchain for secure data transmission. In the clustering phase, LEACH forms clusters and designates a cluster head (CH) for data aggregation and transmission. Each CH maintains a local blockchain to log and verify data transactions within its cluster, using a consensus mechanism to ensure data integrity. Smart contracts are implemented to automate security policies and detect anomalies, while data encryption and digital signatures provide additional security layers. Simulations using the NS-3 simulator showed promising results: energy consumption was reduced by 18% compared to traditional LEACH, latency increased by 5% due to blockchain processing overhead, throughput improved by 12%, and security metrics indicated a 25% improvement in data integrity and a 30% reduction in successful attack attempts. In conclusion, integrating the LEACH algorithm with blockchain significantly enhances the security and efficiency of IoT networks. This approach leverages the energy optimization of LEACH and the robust security framework of blockchain, offering a scalable and secure solution for diverse IoT applications. Future research will focus on optimizing blockchain operations to reduce latency further and exploring the model's applicability in various IoT scenarios.