Biopsychosocial factors of ski jumpers' performance and a model of psychological support

The purpose of the study is to develop a model of psychological support for the training of ski jumpers based on biopsychosocial factors. Research methods and organization. A survey of 28 athletes from the Russian national team and 9 coaches was conducted to assess the significance of 19 biological, psychological, and social characteristics (on a 1–5 scale). Theoretical analysis, questionnaires, mathematical statistics methods (Mann–Whitney U‑test), and modeling were used. Research results and conclusions. It was established that the most important factors are the balance of nervous processes, speed of sensorimotor reactions, coordination, concentration of attention, stress resistance, mental toughness, psychological defense mechanisms, goal setting, emotional intelligence, and relationships with the coach. Differences were found in the assessment of anxiety (coaches consider it more significant). A four‑block model of psychological support was developed (conceptual, diagnostic, content‑forming, and control‑corrective blocks), integrating the identified factors. The model allows for increasing the stability of competitive results and reducing pre‑start anxiety in ski jumpers.