Biomimetic Nanofiber Scaffold Coated With Acellular Matrices for Uterine Myometrial Tissue Engineering

A tissue‐engineered scaffold tailored for uterine myometrium‐specific regeneration is designed. The electrospinning technique was used to fabricate aligned polycaprolactone nanofibers, chosen for their mechanical and elastic properties mimicking native myometrial tissue. Since structural similarity alone is insufficient for effective regeneration, we coated the electrospun scaffolds with tissue‐specific acellular matrix (ACM) derived from human uterine fibroblasts to enhance bioactivity, improve cell adhesion, and promote smooth muscle cell spreading. The ACM coating provided a biomimetic microenvironment, optimizing the scaffold’s surface properties to support cellular interactions crucial for tissue integration. To confirm the presence of ACM coating on nanofibers, cytochemical staining and scanning electron microscope imaging was done and to evaluate the scaffold’s efficacy, we conducted in vitro cytocompatibility studies such as MTT assay and live/dead assay using human uterine smooth muscle cells and in vivo implantation in a rat uterine horn injury model were done, assessing biocompatibility, tissue integration, and cellular response through histological analysis, imaging techniques, and gene expression studies. Our findings demonstrate that the ACM‐coated electrospun nanofibrous scaffold provides an effective strategy for myometrium‐specific regeneration, offering a promising biomaterial approach for uterine tissue engineering and potential therapeutic applications in uterine repair.