Biological Activities of Medicinal Plant‐Derived Compounds in Human, Veterinary, and Agricultural Systems: A Bibliometric and Mechanistic Review Within the One Health Framework

This narrative review, integrating a bibliometric analysis, presents a comprehensive evaluation of key medicinal plants— Curcuma longa , Allium sativum , Azadirachta indica , Ocimum tenuiflorum , and Centella asiatica —emphasizing their roles in sustainable agriculture and veterinary medicine, with human health considerations addressed within a One Health framework. A bibliometric analysis of 9127 publications (2005–2025) reveals a sustained annual growth rate of 13.15%, reflecting increasing global interest, strong international collaboration, and evolving research themes centered on antimicrobial mechanisms, antioxidant activity, and green biotechnological applications. Mechanistically, plant‐derived phytochemicals, including curcuminoids, organosulfur compounds, limonoids, phenolics, and triterpenoid saponins, exhibit multitarget activities, such as membrane disruption, quorum sensing inhibition, antibiofilm effects, and modulation of host or plant defense systems. These properties underpin their potential as alternatives to conventional antibiotics and synthetic agrochemicals. Applications in bovine mastitis management and crop disease control demonstrate promising antimicrobial and antivirulence efficacy, although field‐level validation remains limited. Advances in formulation technologies, particularly nanoemulsions and microencapsulation, have improved the stability, bioavailability, and controlled delivery of bioactive compounds. Despite these advances, critical challenges persist, including lack of standardization, insufficient in vivo and field validation, safety and toxicity concerns, and regulatory constraints for dual‐use applications. Overall, medicinal plant‐derived compounds represent multifunctional, low‐residue solutions with significant potential to support integrated disease management (IDM) and sustainability across interconnected biological systems.