Bioinspired Microcone‐Array‐Based Eutectogel Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self‐Powered Dual‐Modal Sensing and Human‐Machine Interfaces

ABSTRACT

Flexible wearable sensors currently face challenges in terms of self‐powering and human‐machine interaction (HMI) capabilities. In order to cope with these challenges, through the utilization of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):lignosulfonate (PEDOT:LS) as a dynamic physical crosslinker, N‐acryloylsemicarbazide‐acrylic acid/PEDOT:LS (NAP) eutectogel is developed via multiple‐crosslinking and direct deep eutectic solvent (DES) solvation strategies. A stable composite network is constructed within the eutectogel, which endows the gel with excellent stretchability (1559%), self‐adhesiveness (244.8 kPa), self‐healing, anti‐freezing, and anti‐drying capabilities. Therefore, the reliable monitoring of human motions and electrophysiological signals is ensured. Furthermore, a microcone‐array‐based single‐electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (M‐TENG) mimicking the setal structures of ant legs is designed, utilizing the NAP eutectogel as the back electrode. Favorable electrical outputs (196 V, 16.3 µA, and 452.2 mW/m ² ) are delivered by the M‐TENG, through which self‐powered and dual‐modal motion monitoring can be achieved. Finally, through the integration of the M‐TENG onto a flexible fabric substrate, a wearable human‐machine interface touch panel is constructed. Through this interactive system equipped with a password authentication mechanism, the secure remote control of a hexapod robot model is successfully achieved, demonstrating the potential of the system in unmanned search and rescue scenarios.