BIOECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF BABESIOSIS AND ITS CONTROL

Babesiosis is the natural focal infectious disease of animals and humans caused by protozoa of the genus Babesia. The main route of infection is through tick bites, which leads to the development of many symptoms. These include fever, diarrhea, apathy, weakness, muscle aches, pallor of mucous membranes and renal failure [2, 13]. These manifestations indicate the onset of a pathological process that affects red blood cells [1, 5]. With a severe course, babesiosis can be complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation, bleeding, renal dysfunction with the development of renal failure, pulmonary edema, rupture of the spleen and anemia [4, 14]. In this regard, the fight against this disease requires a comprehensive approach to treatment and rehabilitation [11]. For therapy of the disease, veterinary specialists use antiparasitic drugs of imidazoline group (such as the Forticarb) and antiprotozoal agents (such as the Neosidine M) [10, 15]. The Neosidine M affects of the Babesia parasites by inhibiting aerobic glycolysis and the DNA synthesis by destroying their cytoskeleton. This occurs by inhibiting the activity of the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, which disrupts the conversion of arachidonic acid. In addition, the drug has antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The Forticarb acts differently: it blocks the entry of inositol into erythrocytes – the substance necessary for the vital activity of parasites. This leads to the death of babesia and disruption of their ability to synthesize polyamines. In addition to the above drugs, immunomodulators are used for the successful treatment of diseases caused by parasitic microorganisms [7]. One such drug is the Gamavit [12], which is the combination of biologically active components that help optimize metabolic processes in the body, including protein, vitamin and mineral metabolism. It helps restore normal blood composition and enhances the bactericidal properties of serum. These properties provide immunomodulatory effects and overall strengthening of the body. The content of the work and the approaches applied are aimed at ensuring hygienic and environmental safety, both in relation to domestic mammals and to other living objects of the environment [3, 6, 8, 10].