Biodegradation of Waste Newspaper and its Conversion into Organic Fertilizer Using Bacillus Spp. Consortium

Present study investigates the process of biodegradation of waste newspaper using a consortium of ligninolytic Bacillus species. Bacterial isolates were obtained from rotten wood, compost, and soil samples. Those were screened for ligninolytic enzyme activity. Efficient strains were identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, and Bacillus megaterium. A microbial consortium was developed and applied to degrade shredded waste newspaper under aerobic composting conditions. The results showed a significant reduction in lignin content, achieving approximately 70% degradation within 32 days. Additionally, the treated compost exhibited enhanced nutrient composition, with increased nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels compared to the control. Statistical analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the microbial consortium in accelerating degradation and improving compost quality. The findings demonstrate that Bacillus-based biodegradation is an efficient, eco-friendly, and sustainable approach for converting paper waste into nutrient-rich organic fertilizer, contributing to improved waste management and agricultural productivity.