Biocompatibility Assessment of Lithium‐Ion Battery Materials in Medical Devices

The rapid integration of battery technology into biomedical applications, such as wearable, implantable, and ingestible medical devices, has raised significant biosafety concerns. This review systematically evaluates the biocompatibility of battery materials, with a focus on their antimicrobial performance, cytotoxicity, and biotoxicity. Importantly, a multidimensional risk assessment framework is established, classifying materials into high‐, moderate‐, and low‐risk categories. The toxicity risk of battery materials primarily stem from organ accumulation, inflammatory responses, and oxidative stress, collectively influenced by factors such as particle size, morphology, and ion release. Strategies for balancing functionality and safety via surface functionalization and material design are discussed. Finally, future research directions for batteries are prospected, focusing on establishing standardized toxicity testing protocols and advancing controllable and degradable materials. This work not only addresses a critical gap in the biocompatibility evaluation of medical batteries, but also provides foundational insights and safety guidelines for the development of high‐performance, high‐safety batteries.