BIM-Based Design Quality Indicator for Modular Construction

Modular construction requires a comprehensive assessment of the quality of design solutions, taking into account interconnected architectural, production, logistical, and digital factors at all stages of the lifecycle. Existing approaches, including Design Quality Indicator (DQI), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA), focus on individual aspects and do not provide an integrated assessment, necessitating the development of a comprehensive methodology. The aim of this study is to develop a BIM-oriented design quality assessment system for modular facilities (DQIMC), providing a quantitative and partially automated assessment based on information model data. The methodology is based on the formation of a hierarchical system of criteria and indicators, their classification by automation level (machine-readable, partially automated, expert), and integration with BIM model parameters in industry foundation classes (IFC). Criteria weighting factors are determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The integrated quality indicator is calculated based on a weighted sum of standardized values. The test was conducted on a sample of five BIM models. The results showed that DQIMC values ranged from 0.73 to 0.91, with the greatest impact coming from the information quality of the BIM model and manufacturing and design characteristics, as confirmed by correlation analysis. The proposed system provides a reproducible quality assessment and creates a foundation for digitalizing the design of modular facilities, improving the validity of decisions and the effectiveness of lifecycle management.