Beyond the single conspiracy theory: Exploring conspiracy belief segments and their media use patterns

Abstract

This study investigates the relation between media use and belief in conspiracy theories in the German population. Using data derived from a representative online survey ( n = 3,000) and latent class analysis, we identify five segments based on endorsement of conspiracy theories of different reach: universalists, broad believers, system-focused believers, event-focused believers, and selective skeptics. While event-related conspiracy theories were the most widely accepted, systemic conspiracy theories and superconspiracy theories were also prevalent, particularly among the politically oriented segments. Universalists showed strong belief across multiple conspiracy types. Alternative media and social media were particularly used by universalists and those believing in superconspiracy theories. The study challenges the notion that belief in one conspiracy theory implies belief in others. Also, the use of different sources of information seems to be associated with the belief in different types of conspiracy theories.