Beyond monkey using: how to identify and model training needs of interactive critical systems operators using an ontology connected with task models EICS020

Operators of critical systems (e.g., air traffic controllers, pilots in commercial aircraft, operators managing space vehicle launch…) must acquire specific knowledge before being granted permission to perform their tasks on the job. They acquire such knowledge by following a training program developed for the specific tasks they will be doing. The preparation of their training program requires identifying the knowledge they have to acquire, and in particular, the two main types of knowledge that are declarative knowledge (a set of concepts required to operate a system) and procedural knowledge (a set of tasks required to operate a system). Task analysis techniques were originally proposed for the purpose of identifying and describing the knowledge required by users to interact with a system. These techniques provide support to describe procedural knowledge in detail, and a few of them provide limited support to describe declarative knowledge. In this paper, we propose a model-based technique to exhaustively identify and describe declarative and procedural knowledge, as well as to couple the different types of models in order to ensure the full coverage and consistency of the identification of knowledge required to operate an interactive system. We present the results from the application of the technique on a case study in the space domain.