Basics of Radiology for the Junior Plastic Surgeon

Radiologic imaging is integral to modern plastic and reconstructive surgery practice. However, many junior trainees receive minimal formal education on selecting the appropriate imaging modality for specific procedures. This gap can lead to overuse, misinterpretation, or omission of essential studies. The authors address this educational need by outlining when and why specific studies are indicated. This narrative review synthesizes current peer-reviewed literature and expert opinion to describe best imaging practices in plastic surgery. Clinical scenarios commonly encountered in general reconstruction, breast and aesthetic surgery, burn care, craniofacial and pediatric surgery, gender-affirming surgery, hand and upper extremity surgery, and microsurgery are reviewed for optimal imaging strategies. For each clinical domain, the review identifies first-line imaging modalities, adjunct studies when applicable, and procedural-specific considerations. Emphasis is placed on the clinical rationale for each imaging decision, including safety, diagnostic yield, and relevance to surgical planning. By linking imaging recommendations to practical scenarios and surgical decision-making, this guide supports early trainees in developing imaging literacy. Including detailed clinical questions when ordering studies and understanding modality-specific strengths are emphasized as essential habits for accurate diagnosis and efficient care. This review offers a subspecialty-specific, clinically oriented reference for imaging in plastic surgery. It equips junior trainees with foundational knowledge to select appropriate studies, communicate effectively with radiologists, and optimize patient outcomes.