DOI: 10.1177/09731296241239152 ISSN: 0973-1296

Baicalin Inhibits VSMC Phenotypic Transition 
and Ameliorates Atherosclerosis via GSK3β-
TCF21 Signaling Pathway

Meng Huo, Jingjing Lin, Qiaoqiao Xu, Haina Zhang, Qizhen Ye
  • Drug Discovery
  • Pharmaceutical Science

Background: Atherosclerosis (AS) is the pathological basis of acute myocardial infarction, acute stroke, and other acute critical illnesses. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic transformation plays a remarkable role in the occurrence and development of AS. Previous studies have found that GSK3β-TCF21 is a key signaling pathway regulating VSMC phenotypic transformation. Baicalin is an important herbal monomer for cardiovascular protection, but whether it can regulate the GSK3β-TCF21 signaling pathway and VSMC phenotypic transformation remains unclear.

Purpose: The study aimed to explore the role of Baicalin in AS and VSMC phenotypic transformation and whether the GSK3β-TCF21 signaling pathway participates in this process.

Materials and Methods: In this study, through the AS mouse model and ox-LDL-induced VSMC phenotypic transformation model in vitro, the effect of Baicalin on the GSK3β-TCF21 signaling pathway and VSMC phenotypic transformation was investigated.

Results: Pathological staining showed that the AS plaque area of the Baicalin group decreased significantly ( p < .001). The expression of the marker gene (TAGLN, ACTA2, CNN1, and MYH11) of VSMC phenotypic transformation was significantly increased ( p < .001) after Baicalin treatment. Baicalin could activate GSK3β and increase the expression of TCF21 significantly ( p < .001) to inhibit VSMC phenotypic transition. Inhibiting the GSK3β-TCF21 signaling pathway was able to reduce the effects of Baicalin on reducing VSMC phenotypic transition and protecting AS.

Conclusion: Our study indicates that Baicalin is protective in inhibiting VSMC phenotypic transformation and ameliorating AS by regulating GSK3β-TCF21.

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