DOI: 10.4103/ijb.ijb_15_25 ISSN: 0971-653X

Bacteriological profile of burn wound infections and its antibiogram at a tertiary care center

Aishwarya Ashok Majge, Desma D’Souza, Mrudul Randive, Rucha Ingle, Dilip Turbadkar, Kanchan Gaikwad

Introduction:

Burn injury causes damage to the skin, the largest human organ which acts as an immunological defense and a physical barrier against infection. Despite the advances in modern medicine, infections continue to be a major problem increasing mortality and morbidity following burn injury. The pattern of infection differs in every hospital and the bacterial flora of infected wound may change considerably during the healing period. With a high prevalence of infection and changing bacteriological profile of isolates, it is necessary to assess the bacterial pathogens in each burn center to prevent multidrug resistant organisms.

Materials and Methods:

Three hundred patients suffering from burn injuries were included over 18 months. Wound swabs were collected from the time of admission in Burns Unit every week till the final outcome. All the samples were subjected to Gram’s stain, inoculation on culture media, identification of bacterial growth by biochemical tests, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Results:

A total of 515 wound swabs were collected from 300 patients with burn injuries and admitted in burns unit. 83 out of 300 (27.66%) patients developed burn wound infection. The most commonly isolated organism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( n = 68, 27.41%) followed by Acinetobacter baumannii complex ( n = 64, 25.80%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ( n = 63, 25.40%). P. aeruginosa showed maximum susceptibility toward Aztreonam (100%), Imipenem (60.29%), and Gentamicin (50%) and least susceptibility toward Ceftazidime (27.91%). The Gram-negative isolates showed maximum sensitivity toward Colistin and Carbapenems. The Gram-positive isolates showed maximum sensitivity toward Vancomycin, Linezolid, Tetracycline, and Gentamicin.

Conclusions:

Burn wound infections are an important complication of burn injuries. This study has revealed the presence of multi-drug resistant strains of Gram-negative organisms especially P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii complex as the predominant etiological agents of burn wound infections, emphasizing the need for a good antimicrobial stewardship program at the institute.

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