Awareness and Knowledge Levels of Cervical Cancer and HPV and Attitudes Toward HPV Vaccination in Algeria

Background/Objectives: Cervical cancer (CC), mainly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), is one of the major cancers threatening women’s health in Algeria. However, despite the existence of a cost-effective vaccine, it has not yet been introduced into the national vaccination program. Recent information indicated that its introduction will be imminent. Thus, the current study was conducted to evaluate the level of awareness and knowledge about CC and HPV among the Algerian population as well as its attitudes toward HPV vaccination. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out between 4 November 2022 and 8 May 2023 using a self-administered questionnaire that was diffused through social media platforms. Results: A total of 414 participants were included in our sample, with the dominance of those aged 18 to 30 years old (74.6%), those with university education (75.8%), and those with a medium financial level (77.5%). A high level of awareness was reported (76.3%), especially among healthcare workers (98.4%, OR: 17.099, 95% CI: 2.294–127.476, sig. = 0.06), participants aged more than 30 years (87.6%, OR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.313–5.883, sig. = 0.008), and females (85.1%, OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.15–3.548, sig. = 0.014). However, the level of knowledge did not follow, since less than a third (32.1%) of the participants only were aware of HPV, and multiple gaps were reported regarding its epidemiology and its prevention. Moreover, while 30.8% of the participants were willing to get the HPV vaccine, 40.5% were hesitant, and 27.7% were resistant. The causes of rejection/hesitancy included mainly complacency, vaccine refusal, and the lack of confidence in the vaccine. In addition, hesitant and reluctant participants have shown a low level of knowledge and a high score of conspiracy beliefs. Conclusions: These results provide new insights into knowledge and attitudes towards CC and HPV vaccination. It reported that despite the high level of awareness about CC, gaps of knowledge remain and vaccination hesitancy/reluctance is persistent. These results suggest the need for raising awareness particularly about HPV which will consequently help to increase HPV vaccine acceptance.