Autonomic Nervous Dysfunction and Ultra-Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in Atrial Fibrillation: Recent Advances in Early Detection

The development of atrial fibrillation involves the synergistic effects of electrical remodeling, structural remodeling and neural remodeling, among which remodeling of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a pivotal role in disease initiation and progression. Heart rate variability (HRV), as an important tool for assessing autonomic function, has been widely applied in cardiovascular research. In particular, ultra-short-term heart rate variability (usHRV) analysis has demonstrated significant value in the early prediction of atrial fibrillation.