Automotive Telemetry in Connected Vehicles: A Review of 5G and Satellite Communication Technologies for Long-Range Data Transmission

The rapid evolution of connected and autonomous vehicles has significantly increased the importance of automotive telemetry as a fundamental component of intelligent transportation systems. Modern vehicles continuously generate large volumes of operational, environmental, and behavioral data that must be transmitted, processed, and analyzed in real time to support applications such as predictive maintenance, remote diagnostics, cooperative mobility, and autonomous driving. The growing demand for reliable and large-scale data exchange has highlighted the critical role of advanced communication infrastructures in connected mobility ecosystems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of automotive telemetry technologies with a particular focus on communication solutions enabling long-range data transmission. The study examines the architecture of automotive telemetry systems, connected vehicles, and the Internet of Vehicles, followed by an analysis of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks, satellite communication systems, and emerging hybrid 5G–satellite architectures. In addition, the review discusses Software Defined Vehicles, Digital Twin technologies, artificial intelligence integration, and cybersecurity challenges associated with highly connected transportation environments. The analysis demonstrates that no single communication technology can satisfy all requirements of future intelligent mobility systems. Instead, hybrid communication architectures combining terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks are expected to provide the reliability, coverage, scalability, and low-latency performance required for next-generation connected transportation. Finally, key research challenges and future development directions are identified, emphasizing the growing convergence of telemetry, communication networks, artificial intelligence, digital twins, and cybersecurity within future connected mobility ecosystems.