Autogenous Vaccines for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Control: Biotechnological Advances and Veterinary Applications

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains one of the most economically significant pathogens of global swine production, and its genetic variability limits the field effectiveness of commercially licensed vaccines. Autogenous vaccines prepared from isolates recovered within a defined epidemiological unit are used at scale as a herd-specific alternative. This review distinguishes authorized autogenous products from experimental herd-specific preparations and from precision-vaccinology platforms that are neither authorized nor, given current development timelines, compatible with the autogenous use case. Following a structured search, the primary evidence base for efficacy is synthesized and found to comprise three studies from two research groups, including a single randomized controlled field trial. That evidence supports reductions in viraemia and lung pathology after homologous challenge, but not heterologous protection, and no study reports reproductive outcomes. The regulatory frameworks of the European Union, the United States and Mexico are compared, and are shown to authorize these products without requiring a demonstration of efficacy. Inactivation validation criteria, safety, breeding animals, interference with surveillance, isolate selection, where multiple variants co-circulate, and the absence of published economic evaluation are examined, together with the Latin American context, for which no field experience has been published.