Asymmetric Blast‐Wave Propagation and Peak‐Overpressure Modeling for Moving Spherical TNT Charges

Blast waves generated by moving charges exhibit pronounced directional asymmetry, which cannot be adequately represented by stationary‐charge blast formulations. In this study, a two‐dimensional axisymmetric multimaterial Eulerian model was established to investigate the free‐field detonation of a bare spherical TNT charge moving at Mach numbers from 0 to 4. Pressure‐time histories, arrival times, peak overpressures, and wavefront evolution were extracted from the numerical results. The simulations show that charge motion causes forward enhancement, rearward attenuation, and an overall migration of the reconstructed wavefront. Based on these characteristics, an engineering model was developed by combining a stationary‐detonation overpressure baseline, a geometric‐center migration state variable, an effective scaled distance, Mach‐number‐dependent directional corrections, and a logistic transition function across the transonic regime. A velocity‐based holdout strategy was adopted for model identification and testing. For the 140 testing samples, the complete model achieved a mean relative error of 3.14%, an MAE of 75.52 kPa, an RMSE of 186.65 kPa, and a maximum relative error of 16.52%. Ablation analysis confirmed the contributions of geometric‐center migration, directional corrections, and the logistic transition to prediction accuracy. For 24 publicly available BRL moving‐charge samples, three‐fold cross‐validated recalibration of the high‐Mach‐number directional correction yielded an MAE of 27.41 kPa, an RMSE of 34.48 kPa, a mean relative error of 5.89%, and a maximum relative error of 20.92%. Within the investigated charge‐velocity, scaled‐distance, and geometric conditions, the proposed formulation provides a physically interpretable engineering method for predicting the peak overpressure generated by free‐field moving detonation of bare spherical TNT charges.