Associations of Perceived Effort‐Reward Imbalance and Family Relationship Quality With Workplace Violence and Harassment Exposure Among Married Female Workers: A Decision Tree Analysis

ABSTRACT

Workplace violence and harassment exposure among female workers is a critical occupational safety and public health concern, yet the hierarchical interplay of occupational, work stress, and family factors remains understudied. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of 10,042 married female workers in China. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify family relationship profiles, and a chi‐square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) decision tree was used to examine how occupation, perceived effort‐reward imbalance (ERI), and family relationship profiles differentiated workplace violence and harassment exposure. The main findings were as follows: (1) LPA identified a high‐harmony profile (75.73%) and a low‐harmony profile (24.27%), and 14.29% of participants reported workplace violence and harassment exposure; and (2) occupation was the first splitting variable, perceived ERI further differentiated exposure levels across occupational branches, and family relationship profiles provided additional differentiation in selected subgroups. The model achieved a classification accuracy of 85.7% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.707 in the validation set. These findings indicate that occupation, perceived ERI, and family relationship profiles jointly distinguish subgroups of married female workers with different exposure levels and may inform targeted prevention measures that consider both occupational and family contexts.