Association of sleep time with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with advanced cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome

To delve into the relationship of sleep time with the onset of all-cause and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) among individuals suffering from advanced Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome. This prospective cohort study collected information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005 to 2018 that recruited 4266 adult participants with advanced (Stage 3–4) CKM syndrome. Sleep time was measured as the self-reported sleep hours and classified as <7 hours, 7 to 8 hours (reference group), and >8 hours per night. Mortality outcomes including all-cause and cardiovascular death were ascertained by linking records to the National Death Index (NDI) up to December 31, 2019. Kaplan–Meier survival curves analyzed mortality by sleep time group. In the study, the researchers investigated the relationship between sleep time and mortality utilizing multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Besides, restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to check for possible nonlinear relationship between sleep time and all-cause/CVD death. A total of 1294 all-cause death cases and 465 due to CVD within a median 7.6 years of follow-up. Within the completely adapted model by Cox, comparison with a reference group (7–8 hours), long sleep time (>8 hours) was linked to a significantly increased CVD death risk (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 1.53; 95% confidence Interval: 1.14–2.07; P = .005 ) and showed a borderline remarkable connection with all-cause death (HR: 1.21; 95% confidence Interval: 1.00–1.46; P = .05 ). Short sleep time (<7 hours) did not significantly correlate with either death outcome. The analysis revealed U-shaped association of sleep time with overall mortality ( P for nonlinearity = .0017 ). In the end, sleep time in patients with advanced CKM syndrome exhibited a U-shaped or J-shaped connection with death rates. Sleeping too much (>8 hours) has been deemed a pronounced risk indicator for both CVD and overall mortality. According to these results, sleep time ought to be seen as an essential health marker in managing advanced CKM syndrome clinically and long-sleepers require additional clinical assessment.