Association of SDF‐1β (rs1801157) and TCF7L2 (rs12255372) Gene Polymorphisms With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Bangladeshi Population: A Case‐Control Study
Md. Abdullah Al Mobin, Shahriar Alam Shanto, Eamin Hasnayan, Sumaiya Zaman Prome, Obontika Das, Armin Afsar, Jarin Tasmin Ahmed Rechi, Asmaul Hosna Shaika, Fayejun Nesa, Mehedi Mala Mitu, Ferdous Khan, Md. Hasanuzzaman ShohagABSTRACT
Aims
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has a strong genetic component and variations in specific gene alleles can significantly influence individual susceptibility. Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 beta (SDF‐1β) plays a crucial role in inflammatory responses, glucose regulation, and the maintenance of pancreatic β‐cell function, while TCF7L2, a key regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, governs insulin secretion and overall glucose homeostasis. The present study evaluated the association of the SDF‐1β rs1801157 and TCF7L2 rs12255372 polymorphisms with T2DM development in the Bangladeshi population.
Methods
In this case‐control study, 140 clinically diagnosed T2DM patients and 95 healthy controls, were enrolled after obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee. Genomic DNA was genotyped for SDF‐1β (rs1801157) and TCF7L2 (rs12255372) SNPs using PCR‐RFLP, with MspI used for SDF‐1β digestion and MluCI for the TCF7L2 fragment. The resulting genotypes were then identified through agarose gel electrophoresis. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was tested in both groups. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared using Fisher's exact test, with crude and adjusted (for age, sex, BMI) odds ratios (ORs).
Results
All genotype distributions were in the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Using the homozygous dominant genotype (GG) as the reference, a statistically significant association was observed for SDF‐1β (rs1801157) with the AA genotype ( p < 0.05), whereas TCF7L2 (rs12255372) showed no significant association. Additionally, the allele frequency distributions for both SDF‐1β and TCF7L2 did not differ significantly between cases and controls ( p > 0.05).
Conclusions
The SDF‐1β (rs1801157) AA genotype was significantly less frequent among T2DM patients, suggesting a possible protective association, whereas TCF7L2 (rs12255372) showed no such association. Given the modest sample size and limited statistical power, these findings indicate a possible association rather than a definitive marker of susceptibility and require replication.