Association between urinary bisphenol A levels and infertility: A logistic regression analysis
Ruchika Garg, Nidhi Agastya, Prabhat Agrawal, Prashant Gupta, Neelansha VarshneyObjectives
To examine the association between urinary bisphenol A (BPA) levels and infertility in both females and males using case-control data from Sarojini Naidu Medical College and Hospital.
Material and Methods
Case-control studies were conducted. Fifty women with anovulatory infertility were compared to 50 fertile female controls. Fifty men with abnormal semen parameters were compared to 50 fertile male controls. Urinary BPA concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), adjusted for creatinine, and log-transformed. Logistic regression assessed the association between BPA and infertility.
Results
In females, each log-unit increase in BPA was associated with an 8.17-fold higher odds of ovulatory infertility (95% CI: 2.29-29.15, p = 0.002). In males, the odds of infertility increased 10.49-fold per log-unit increase in BPA (95% CI: 2.66-41.36, p = 0.001). In addition, infertile men had significantly higher urinary levels of BPA, bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol F (BPF), alongside impaired semen parameters and hormonal imbalances compared to controls.
Conclusion
Elevated urinary BPA levels are strongly associated with increased odds of infertility in both sexes. These findings reinforce international evidence and underscore the need for BPA exposure monitoring and reproductive health policy in India.