Association Between Prudent Dietary Pattern and Cardiometabolic Indicators in a Healthy Qatari Population: Evidence from the Qatar Biobank (QBB)

Background/Objectives: Diet is recognized as an important determinant of cardiometabolic health, yet evidence from Middle Eastern populations remains scarce. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between a Prudent dietary pattern and multiple indicators of obesity, type-2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in a metabolically healthy Qatari cohort. Methods: Data were obtained from 6919 Qatari adults from the Qatar Biobank study. Participants with diagnosed metabolic disorders, pregnancy, or non-fasting blood samples were excluded. Anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical measurements were collected using standardized protocols. Dietary intake was assessed using a 102-item food frequency questionnaire, and a Prudent dietary pattern was derived through factor loadings analysis. Participants were categorized into low and high intake groups of the Prudent dietary pattern. Associations between the Prudent dietary pattern and cardiometabolic markers were examined using generalized linear models adjusted for age, sex, adiposity, and physical activity with Bonferroni correction applied for multiple testing. Results: After correction for multiple testing, greater adherence to the Prudent dietary pattern was significantly associated with lower fat mass index (β = −0.02, p = 0.0001), fasting insulin (β = −0.05, p = 0.0021), and higher fat-free mass (β = 0.01, p = 5.7 × 10−5). Conclusions: Overall, in a metabolically healthy Qatari population, greater compliance to a Prudent dietary pattern was favorably associated with fat and muscle mass, and insulin regulation after adjusting for age, sex, BMI and physical activity. These findings support the role of dietary habits in greater cardiometabolic health in Middle Eastern Arab populations.